47 COUNTRIES, EUROPEAN COMMISSION AGREE TO TAKE “PULSE OF THE PLANET” April 26, 2004  Recognizing that Earth’s most pressing problems know no geographic boundaries, ministers of 47 nations and the European Commission agreed Sunday to develop pioneering global architecture that will, over the next decade, revolutionize the understanding of how Earth works. At the international
Milestone Summit Launches Plan to Revolutionize Understanding of How Earth Works
“Our environment knows no boundaries. We all breathe the same air and drink the same water. We all cause pollutionâ€â€ÂÂÂevery one of us. And working together, we can find the solutions and affect the changes needed to protect people, promote prosperity and preserve our planet,” said EPA Administrator Mike Leavitt.
Leavitt led the U.S. delegation to the Summit, which included John Marburger, the president’s science adviser, and Retired Navy Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Ph.D., undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator.
“Collectively we’re pioneering the framework of a comprehensive Global Earth Observation System of Systems that will be as interrelated as the planet it observes, predicts and protects,” Lautenbacher said. “The result will be sound science on which sound policy must be built. For the first time we’ll able to take the pulse of the planet.”
Lautenbacher is one of four co-chairs of the Group on Earth Observations. Other co-chairs are Achilleas Mitsos, director general for research, European Commission; Akio Yuki, deputy minister of education, culture, sports, science and technology, Japan; and Rob Adam, director-general of the department of science and technology, South Africa.
Right now many thousands of separate technological assets are demonstrating their value around the globe, in estimating crop yields, monitoring water and air quality, improving airline safety, and forecasting life-threatening natural hazards. However, these assets are not set up to talk to each other. Once linked as a system of systems, the societal and economic benefits will be enormous. By launching the development of a 10-year implementation plan at the summit, the ministers committed to make people and economies throughout the world healthier, safer and significantly better prepared to manage the basic needs of daily life.
The ocean, for example, is the memory of the global climate system and the key to climate variability. Since the highest incidence of solar radiation occurs near the Equator, measuring what heat is doing in the Equator is a good indicator of what it is doing elsewhere. As warming water moves, it can send strong signals, telling us that some parts of the world will be drier, wetter, colder or warmer. If rainfall is heavier, water may pool, increasing the chance that there will be more breeding grounds for mosquitoes, some of which may carry life-threatening diseases. Some fish also follow ocean temperature, and this information is key to sustaining healthy fisheries.
Since people and economies would benefit all over the globe, there is urgency in developing a comprehensive global system. In the U.S. alone, forecasting weather with just one degree (F) more accuracy could save at least $1 billion annually in energy costs. At a cost of $4 billion annually, weather is responsible for about two-thirds of aviation delaysâ€â€ÂÂÂ$1.7 billion of which would be avoidable with better observations and forecasts. An estimated 300-500 million people worldwide are infected with malaria each year and about one million people die from this largely preventable disease. Since studies show that the malaria cycle intensifies during El Niño events, improved forecasting is key to mitigation. More than 90 percent of natural disaster-related deaths occur in developing countries.
The benefits of a connected system are:
Forecasting more accurate severe winter weather;
Pinpointing where the next outbreak of SARS or West Nile virus, or malaria is likely to hit;
Improving air quality monitoring to provide real-time information and accurate forecasts;
Enhancing ocean instrumentation that, combined with improved satellite Earth observing coverage, will provide revolutionary decadal worldwide and regional climate forecasts; and
Providing real-time monitoring and forecasting of the water quality in every watershed and accompanying coastal areas.
The summit in Tokyo fulfills a commitment made last year by the G-8. It builds on the first Earth Observation Summit hosted by the United States last July and directly feeds into the G-8 meeting in June in Georgia.
NOAA is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety through the prediction and research of weather and climate-related events and providing environmental stewardship of the nation’s coastal and marine resources. NOAA is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce.