NOAA AND PARTNERS DISCOVER LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE ‘CHAMPAGNE’ BUBBLES AT HYDROTHERMAL VENT What first appeared to be effervescent bubbles, like those in champagne, rising from a hydrothermal vent area in the northern Mariana Arc of the Pacific Ocean turned out to be liquid carbon dioxide. This is only the second location where the phenomenon has been identified. Scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and its partner institutions made the discovery during an April 2004 expedition. NOAA is an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The findings and analysis of that expedition were presented today at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. “Out of the hundreds and hundreds of known hydrothermal areas, it was an exciting discovery to find another location with liquid carbon dioxide,” said John Lupton, an oceanographer at NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle. The only other reported area is in the Okinawa Trough in the Pacific Ocean. The finding of liquid carbon dioxide will help scientists as they study the effects of carbon dioxide rich waters on organisms living in those waters. A study this summer reported on laboratory experiments where the shells of calcium-carbonate creatures dissolved in carbon dioxide rich waters. “In the Mariana Trench, we found a natural laboratory where the effects of carbon dioxide on marine organisms can be studied,” said Steve Hammond, acting director of NOAA’s Office of Ocean Exploration. “Discoveries such as this help NOAA improve its understanding of ecosystems, which is one of its four mission goals.” The expedition used the remotely-operated vehicle ROPOS. Scientists could see milky gas-rich fluid coming out of a couple of the small chimneys at a site near the summit of Northwest Eifuku, a submarine volcano in the northern Mariana Arc. Lupton noted that there were two fluids coming up from the vent sites: a hot vent fluid measuring 217-degrees Fahrenheit coming from the chimneys or smokers, and the cooler liquid droplets coming from other parts of the vent field. Samples were collected for further analysis, although the scientific team was fairly confident that the fluid was predominately carbon dioxide. “The droplets were sticky and they didn’t join together to make larger bubbles,” Lupton recalled. “Although we were pretty sure it was liquid carbon dioxide, we wanted to analyze the samples to make sure.” That analysis determined that the cold droplets were composed of about 90 percent carbon dioxide, and that the amount of carbon dioxide in the hot vent fluid liquid was a surprising 2.3 moles of carbon dioxide per kilogram of water, or about 60 liters of gaseous carbon dioxide per kilogram of water. “This was an order of magnitude higher than any carbon dioxide values previously reported,” Lupton said. Lupton noted that there are plans by scientific teams in the U.S., Germany, and Japan to revisit the site in 2005 and 2006 to conduct more research. NOAA is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety through research to better understand atmospheric and climate variability and to manage wisely our nation’s coastal and marine resources. NOAA AND PARTNERS DISCOVER LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE ‘CHAMPAGNE’ BUBBLES AT HYDROTHERMAL VENT What first appeared to be effervescent bubbles, like those in champagne, rising from a hydrothermal vent area in the northern Mariana Arc of the Pacific Ocean turned out to be liquid carbon dioxide. This is only the second location where the phenomenon has been identified. Scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and its partner institutions made the discovery during an April 2004 expedition. NOAA is an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The findings and analysis of that expedition were presented today at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. “Out of the hundreds and hundreds of known hydrothermal areas, it was an exciting discovery to find another location with liquid carbon dioxide,” said John Lupton, an oceanographer at NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle. The only other reported area is in the Okinawa Trough in the Pacific Ocean. The finding of liquid carbon dioxide will help scientists as they study the effects of carbon dioxide rich waters on organisms living in those waters. A study this summer reported on laboratory experiments where the shells of calcium-carbonate creatures dissolved in carbon dioxide rich waters. “In the Mariana Trench, we found a natural laboratory where the effects of carbon dioxide on marine organisms can be studied,” said Steve Hammond, acting director of NOAA’s Office of Ocean Exploration. “Discoveries such as this help NOAA improve its understanding of ecosystems, which is one of its four mission goals.” The expedition used the remotely-operated vehicle ROPOS. Scientists could see milky gas-rich fluid coming out of a couple of the small chimneys at a site near the summit of Northwest Eifuku, a submarine volcano in the northern Mariana Arc. Lupton noted that there were two fluids coming up from the vent sites: a hot vent fluid measuring 217-degrees Fahrenheit coming from the chimneys or smokers, and the cooler liquid droplets coming from other parts of the vent field. Samples were collected for further analysis, although the scientific team was fairly confident that the fluid was predominately carbon dioxide. “The droplets were sticky and they didn’t join together to make larger bubbles,” Lupton recalled. “Although we were pretty sure it was liquid carbon dioxide, we wanted to analyze the samples to make sure.” That analysis determined that the cold droplets were composed of about 90 percent carbon dioxide, and that the amount of carbon dioxide in the hot vent fluid liquid was a surprising 2.3 moles of carbon dioxide per kilogram of water, or about 60 liters of gaseous carbon dioxide per kilogram of water. “This was an order of magnitude higher than any carbon dioxide values previously reported,” Lupton said. Lupton noted that there are plans by scientific teams in the U.S., Germany, and Japan to revisit the site in 2005 and 2006 to conduct more research. NOAA is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety through research to better understand atmospheric and climate variability and to manage wisely our nation’s coastal and marine resources.
NOAA AND PARTNERS DISCOVER LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE âââÃ
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U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice
Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.
Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.
Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.
Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary
Navigation Center Website Survey Request
We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.
Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice
Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.
Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.
Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.
Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary
Navigation Center Website Survey Request
We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.
Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice
Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.
Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.
Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.
Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary
Navigation Center Website Survey Request
We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.
Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice
Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.
Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.
Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.
Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary
Navigation Center Website Survey Request
We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.
Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice
Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.
Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.
Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.
Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary
SCHEDULED/SAN JUAN HARBOR – SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO/ATON/SEC SJ BNM 0011-24
1. THE FOLLOWING AIDS HAVE BEEN TEMPORARILY RELOCATED TO FACILITATE MAINTENANCE DREDGE OPERATIONS:
a. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 2 (LLNR 30850) Set at MPP 18-26-46.499N 066-06
-35.544
b. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 3 (LLNR 30855) Set at MPP 18-26-46.472N 066-06
-28.968
c. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 5 (LLNR 30875) Set at MPP 18-26-27.328N 066-06
-28.155
d. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 7 (LLNR 30885) Set at MPP 18-26-05.791N 066-06
-25.774
2. MARINERS ARE RQST TO TRANSIT WITH CAUTION AND MAKE ANY REPORTS TO THE USCG.
CANCEL AT//282310Z MAR 24//
BT
SCHEDULED/SAN JUAN HARBOR – SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO/ATON/SEC SJ BNM 0011-24
1. THE FOLLOWING AIDS HAVE BEEN TEMPORARILY RELOCATED TO FACILITATE MAINTENANCE DREDGE OPERATIONS:
a. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 2 (LLNR 30850) Set at MPP 18-26-46.499N 066-06
-35.544
b. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 3 (LLNR 30855) Set at MPP 18-26-46.472N 066-06
-28.968
c. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 5 (LLNR 30875) Set at MPP 18-26-27.328N 066-06
-28.155
d. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 7 (LLNR 30885) Set at MPP 18-26-05.791N 066-06
-25.774
2. MARINERS ARE RQST TO TRANSIT WITH CAUTION AND MAKE ANY REPORTS TO THE USCG.
CANCEL AT//282310Z MAR 24//
BT
SCHEDULED/SAN JUAN HARBOR – SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO/ATON/SEC SJ BNM 0011-24
1. THE FOLLOWING AIDS HAVE BEEN TEMPORARILY RELOCATED TO FACILITATE MAINTENANCE DREDGE OPERATIONS:
a. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 2 (LLNR 30850) Set at MPP 18-26-46.499N 066-06
-35.544
b. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 3 (LLNR 30855) Set at MPP 18-26-46.472N 066-06
-28.968
c. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 5 (LLNR 30875) Set at MPP 18-26-27.328N 066-06
-28.155
d. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 7 (LLNR 30885) Set at MPP 18-26-05.791N 066-06
-25.774
2. MARINERS ARE RQST TO TRANSIT WITH CAUTION AND MAKE ANY REPORTS TO THE USCG.
CANCEL AT//282310Z MAR 24//
BT
SCHEDULED/SAN JUAN HARBOR – SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO/ATON/SEC SJ BNM 0011-24
1. THE FOLLOWING AIDS HAVE BEEN TEMPORARILY RELOCATED TO FACILITATE MAINTENANCE DREDGE OPERATIONS:
a. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 2 (LLNR 30850) Set at MPP 18-26-46.499N 066-06
-35.544
b. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 3 (LLNR 30855) Set at MPP 18-26-46.472N 066-06
-28.968
c. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 5 (LLNR 30875) Set at MPP 18-26-27.328N 066-06
-28.155
d. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 7 (LLNR 30885) Set at MPP 18-26-05.791N 066-06
-25.774
2. MARINERS ARE RQST TO TRANSIT WITH CAUTION AND MAKE ANY REPORTS TO THE USCG.
CANCEL AT//282310Z MAR 24//
BT
SCHEDULED/SAN JUAN HARBOR – SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO/ATON/SEC SJ BNM 0011-24
1. THE FOLLOWING AIDS HAVE BEEN TEMPORARILY RELOCATED TO FACILITATE MAINTENANCE DREDGE OPERATIONS:
a. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 2 (LLNR 30850) Set at MPP 18-26-46.499N 066-06
-35.544
b. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 3 (LLNR 30855) Set at MPP 18-26-46.472N 066-06
-28.968
c. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 5 (LLNR 30875) Set at MPP 18-26-27.328N 066-06
-28.155
d. Army Terminal Channel Buoy 7 (LLNR 30885) Set at MPP 18-26-05.791N 066-06
-25.774
2. MARINERS ARE RQST TO TRANSIT WITH CAUTION AND MAKE ANY REPORTS TO THE USCG.
CANCEL AT//282310Z MAR 24//
BT
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