One North Carolina Naturally: Land and Water Protection/Conservation


One North Carolina Naturally: Land and Water Protection/Conservation



ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąExpanded Lake James State Park through a private-public partnership. In August 2004, Gov. Easley authorized the purchase of 2,915 acres in Burke County for $18.3 million to expand Lake James State Park by nearly six times its current size, protecting key natural resources and boosting tourism and recreational opportunities. The acquisition, paid for by the Clean Water Management Trust Fund as well as grants from the Natural Heritage, Parks and Recreation trust funds, is one component of a regional development and conservation plan fashioned by state and local governments, Crescent Resources Inc. and land conservation trusts.

ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąLed the stateĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs efforts to develop the Coastal Habitat Protection Plan, which was adopted in December 2004. This comprehensive plan includes a series of measures to restore declining habitats and protect the critical areas along the North Carolina coast where fish feed, spawn and grow. The plan documents threats to coastal fish habitats, identifies management needs, and establishes goals to protect and enhance fish habitats and restore slumping fish stocks.

ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąThe N.C. Land Trust Council awarded its Government Conservation Partners of the Year award to NCDENR, NCDOT and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for their role in creating the Ecosystem Enhancement Program and helping to protect the stateĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs water and land resources. EEP wetland, stream and buffer restoration projects awarded to private-sector firms this year involved 143,000 feet of streams, 625 acres of wetlands and 75 acres of riparian buffers. Requests for proposals were issued in fall 2004 for a new round of projects, involving 450,000 feet of streams, 919 acres of wetlands and 395 acres of buffers.

ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąBrought a statewide spotlight to issues related to conservation on North Carolina’s privately owned working lands, since North Carolina lost more than 1 million acres of forestland to urban development between 1990 and 2002. DENR began to put mechanisms and plans in place to promote growth of this crucial component of conservation by sponsoring the Summit on Working Lands Conservation and two North Carolina Forestry Summits.

ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąContinued work with the popular Voluntary Floodplain Swine Buyout Program for swine operations in the 100-year floodplain. The Division of Soil and Water Conservation has completed conservation easement work on eight of 15 farms in the Voluntary Floodplain Swine Buyout Program Phase Two project, and is closing lagoons on those farms. The division has received 55 applications for consideration for inclusion in Phase Three of the program.

ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąExpanded or enhanced nine ocean artificial reefs with the addition of 1,500 tons of construction material, 250 manufactured concrete reef balls and the sinking of four large vessels. Artificial reefs provide structure for new fish habitat providing the basis for new marine communities and new fishing opportunities for fisherman.

ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąPurchased the Needmore Tract in Swain and Macon counties. The nearly 4,500 acres will conserve 26 miles of the Little Tennessee River and 37 miles of tributary streams, 57 species of fish, dozens of Cherokee and historic sites, and the largest cluster of mountain floodplain forests remaining the Southern Appalachians.The Clean Water Management Trust Fund provided $6.6 million to assist in the purchase, with the Ecosystem Enhancement Program, Natural Heritage Trust Fund, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and private funds providing the balance of the funds needed.

ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąEnhanced access to public beaches and coastal waters through a record $1.8 million in grants for 23 public access projects. The grants help pay for a variety of projects to improve access to coastal beaches and waters, including walkways, dune crossovers, restrooms, parking areas and piers. Funds also may be used for land acquisition or urban waterfront revitalization.

ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąIncorporated updated long-term average annual erosion rates into the stateĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs oceanfront development rules. The new erosion rate maps provide the most accurate depiction of shoreline change that the state has ever had.

Customer Service
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąEstablished a pilot express environmental permit review and coordination program in the Wilmington Regional Office and in Raleigh. Through the new express program, which has issued about 300 permits, customers can get quicker permit decisions and certifications, pre-application consultation to identify necessary environmental requirements, a more predictable project timeline, and coordination throughout the permitting process. Depending upon the permit type, permit reviews are being completed from three to 10 times faster than using the regular program. The program will be expanded into two additional regional offices next year, and Gov. Easley recommends that this program be expanded statewide.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąExpanded DENRĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs One-Stop Permit Coordination Program statewide. This program gives customers the opportunity to manage their environmental permitting issues through a single point of entry into the department, using permit assistance coordinators to provide front-end assistance and guide the applicant through the permitting process. Small businesses, companies considering locating in North Carolina and existing industries have benefited from having a permit coordinator that can give them comprehensive regulatory information in the earliest stage of development and develop a predictable timeline for required permits. Since January 2004, nearly 100 customized permit lists have been developed for customers.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąLaunched NC OneMap, the first statewide integrated map viewer on the Internet, with participation of state, federal and 50 local government partners who provide access to their digital geographic data. An initiative of the North Carolina Geographic Information Coordinating Council, NC OneMap will give geographic data users a statewide framework of geographic information, including environmental data, accessible at www.NCOneMap.com.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąGeodetic Survey provided 3,165 quality control points to better ensure the accuracy of the ongoing floodplain mapping.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąAdded 11 new GPS base stations to make it easier for surveyors, contractors, government agencies and emergency responders to access accurate GPS for boundary surveys or locating points.

Managing River Basins for Multiple Benefits
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąReceived additional resources in the 2004 budget to speed up the river basin planning process, which projects water needs for the next 50 years and determines if these projected needs can be met by the water resources of that basin. These plans, developed by the Division of Water Resources in partnership with local governments and other water users, will help assure that North Carolina has reliable and cost-effective water sources to support a healthy economy.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąWorked with North Carolina power companies and South Carolina on relicensing issues including water supply concerns. The Division of Water Resources is producing long-range water supply plans for the Catawba and Yadkin basins to support state needs in the new licenses to be issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąSigned a cooperative agreement with the Environmental Management Commission and the Lumber River Council of Governments to manage groundwater withdrawals and plan for long-range, sustainable water supplies in Bladen, Columbus, Hoke, Robeson, Sampson and Scotland counties.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąLed a vigorous effort to enhance involvement of livestock and poultry producers and integrators (companies) in the nutrient management issue to protect water quality. The Division of Soil and Water ConservationĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs producer education is targeted at helping adjust livestock and poultry producersĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âą overall nutrient management planning and practices in response to changes in the standard and regulations.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąBegan processing stormwater phase II individual permit applications in line with legislation enacted by the General Assembly this summer. The Division of Water Quality is also proceeding with general permit development.

Environmental Education
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąImproved standards for education and interpretive programs for state parks visitors through an effort that resulted in more than 96 percent of veteran rangers and park superintendents within the Division of Parks and Recreation completing environmental education certification offered by the Office of Environmental Education. In addition, 41 new rangers are actively working toward certification. With 130 employees completing the program, the division has more certified environmental educators working with the public than any other resource management agency.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąIntegrated environmental education across the K-12 curriculum. The Office of Environmental Education worked with the Department of Public Instruction to develop the new Earth/Environmental Science Standard Course of Study objectives. DPI will include DENR web links and resources in its “Support Document and Suggested Resources” that will accompany the Standard Course of Study Goals and Objectives for Earth/Environmental Science.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąReached thousands of students, teachers, local government officials and other members of the coastal community through workshops, field trips, Estuary Live broadcasts and other educational activities conducted by the staff of the North Carolina Coastal Reserves.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąReceived recognition for the N.C. Zoological Park as the recipient of the first-ever State Government Sustainability Award presented by the State Energy office and the N.C. Project Green Program. The Zoo was honored for its environmentally sustainable operations, including conservation of energy, water, fuel and other resources.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąOpened the Australian Walkabout exhibit at the North Carolina Zoo, the largest addition to its collection since 1995.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąThe Museum of Natural Sciences was named the top field-trip attraction in the state by North Carolina Field Trips magazine. In Fiscal Year ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âą03-ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âą04, more than 187,500 students and educators visited the Raleigh Museum.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąOpened the Museum of Natural ScienceĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs Prairie Ridge Ecostation for Wildlife and Learning in October – a 38-acre natural area located in west Raleigh that allows school groups, researchers and the public to observe and study native plants and wildlife in the field, as well as learn about practical approaches to renewable energy and sustainable living.

Improving Air Quality
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąAccepted an EPA Clean Air Excellence Award on behalf of North Carolina and Gov. Easley for the Clean Smokestacks Act. The act, which the legislature passed in 2002, requires the stateĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs coal-fired power plants to reduce by three-fourths their emissions of ozone, haze and particle-forming emissions over the next 5-10 years. The EPA cited the act as nationwide model for controlling multiple air pollutants through a partnership of state, business and environmental groups.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąAssisted the Division of Motor Vehicles in the continuing expansion of North CarolinaĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs auto emissions testing program, which eventually will include 48 of the stateĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs 100 counties. The program added eight counties on January 1 and five counties on July 1, bringing to 28 the number of counties now participating. Emissions from motor vehicles are a major source of air pollution, and the testing program helps ensure that their control devices are working properly.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąAssisted Gov. Easley and the Attorney GeneralĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs Office in the March filing of a Section 126 Petition seeking reductions in emissions from power plants in 13 upwind states that affect North CarolinaĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs air quality. The petition asks the EPA to require reductions of ozone, haze and particle-forming emissions from power plants in other states.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąAwarded grants in March totaling $350,000 for projects aimed at reducing air pollution from motor vehicles, focusing on particle-forming emissions from school buses. The grants will be used to install diesel oxidation catalysts on school buses, to reduce their emissions of soot and other pollutants that can form fine particles in the atmosphere.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąWorked with local governments in four metro areas (Asheville, Hickory, Fayetteville and the Triad) to participate in the EPAĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs Early Action Compact (EAC) program to achieve quicker compliance with the federal ozone standard.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąWorked with energy and environmental agencies in Georgia and South Carolina to win a $1.5-million grant to support the construction of three electrified truck stops along the I-85 corridor. The electrified truck stops enable truckers to obtain climate control, Internet, telephone and entertainment services in their cabs without having to idle their engines, which creates noise, odors and air pollution. North CarolinaĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs facility, near Mebane, opened for business in September.

Progress toward Sustainability
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąRecognized two new organizations as Environmental Stewards (the highest level of achievement) as part of the Environmental Stewardship Initiative (http://www.p2pays.org/esi), the DENR program that promotes superior environmental performance by the stateĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs regulated community. In its third year, the ESI also recognized eight organizations at the new Rising Environmental Steward level and four organizations at the Partner level.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąFunded 58 separate projects conducted by local governments, nonprofits and recycling businesses statewide that are cumulatively expected to result in the diversion of more than 10,000 tons of recyclables from the stateĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂŸĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âąs waste stream.

Protecting Groundwater and Restoring Contaminated Properties
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąCreated NC SWAP Info, the online tool (http://www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws/SWAP ) of the Source Water Assessment Program, which provides information on the condition of all public drinking water sources as a way to protect and prevent pollution of drinking water sources. The online tool provides individual reports for every public water supply system in North Carolina plus contains an online geographic information system that maps 16 different types of possible pollutants around each of the approximately 10,000 public water sources.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąDeveloped and implemented new methodology using GIS to map and assess shoreline pollution sources adjacent to shellfish growing areas. The pilot project focuses on four shellfish areas in Carteret County and incorporates into the survey methodology mapping technology to identify and spatially map potential sources of pollution, including stormwater outfalls, marinas, slip docks, agriculture and new subdivisions. This project received the Pelican Award for “Best Initiative by the Easley Administration” from the North Carolina Coastal Federation.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąMore than doubled its 2004 goal to have cleaned 408 regulated sites to the point that they no longer need active cleanup activities. The Division of Waste Management is also helping to create legislation that encourages economic stability through the redevelopment of historically unwanted properties with contamination, to help stimulate state and local economies and speed environmental cleanups.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąBrought the 100th brownfields site into the Brownfields Program, which also completed its 50th brownfields agreement. As more sites come into the program, the committed private investment to redevelop brownfields in North Carolina increased from $550 million to $1 billion.

Protecting Public Health/Disaster Response
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąHurricane Response: N.C. Geological Survey provided emergency technical assistance to local and state emergency management personnel to determine immediate and potential threat to lives and properties of landslides resulting from the severe rainfalls of hurricanes Frances and Ivan. The Land Quality Section provided dam safety emergency response to hurricanes Frances and Ivan, including more than 150 inspections, technical oversight of three emergency dam breaches and round-the-clock monitoring of several potentially dangerous dams. Following Hurricane Ivan, the Public Water Supply Section evaluated conditions in isolated areas, working with local towns to set up temporary watering points for private individuals, helping to gather samples if and when systems had power, and provided a daily report of public water systems with boil water advisories and updated it when the advisories were rescinded. The Environmental Health Services Section handled post-hurricane inspections of restaurant, institutions, child-care facilities and jails to counties that needed assistance. The Division of Forest Resources dispatched more than 200 specially-trained employees to offer emergency aid after a record-breaking seven hurricanes ravaged the Southeast. Teams worked on chainsaw crews clearing downed trees from roads and filling county requests for shelter and food, while others were sent to western North Carolina to build footbridges for people stranded by floods. The Division of Coastal Management provided assistance to coastal residents recovering from Hurricane Isabel by issuing hundreds of CAMA emergency permits for rebuilding docks, piers, boathouses, sand dunes and other structures.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąMethamphetamine Response: Assisted the Solid Waste Association of North America in administering workshops on methamphetamine lab waste management. The Division of Waste Management also developed a guidance document to help solid waste facility operators detect, identify and safely handle methamphetamine lab waste.
ĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€ Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™Ăƒâ€šĂ‚ÂąĂƒÆ’Ă‚ÂąĂƒÂąĂąâ‚ŹĆĄĂ‚ÂŹĂƒâ€ŠĂ‚ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚ÂŹĂƒÆ’Ă†â€™ĂƒÂąĂąâ€šÂŹĂ…ÂĄĂƒÆ’Ăąâ‚ŹĆĄĂƒâ€šĂ‚Âą Recreational Water Quality: Monitored 240 recreational sites on a weekly basis and fully implemented a new federally mandated testing program. The Division of Environmental Health added 228 monitoring sites in an effort to provide comprehensive coverage of state beaches and protect public health and well-being.

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Introducing the New NAVCEN Maritime Safety Information Application!

Dear Users of the Marine Transportation System,

We’re excited to announce the launch of the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center’s new Maritime Safety Information (MSI) Application! This enhanced platform is designed to improve your access to critical navigation safety information, including Local Notices to Mariners (LNM) and Light Lists.

Key Features of the New MSI Application:
‱ Near-Real-Time Updates: Stay informed with the latest changes and updates.
‱ GIS Display: Visualize navigation information directly on an interactive map.
‱ Customizable Searches: Narrow your searches to focus on specific waterways or regions of interest.

The application is available now and ready to support safer, more efficient maritime operations.

Access the New MSI Application:
Click HERE to explore the platform and take advantage of its features.

We’re committed to ensuring mariners have the tools and information they need to navigate safely and effectively. If you have any questions or feedback, please don’t hesitate to reach out.

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NAVCEN’s Upgraded LNM & Light List Application Launching the Week of December 2nd

During the week of December 2nd, the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center (NAVCEN) will launch its updated Local Notice to Mariners (LNM) and Light List application.  The application will feature GIS-based tools, customizable downloads, and GeoJSON integration for enhanced maritime safety information. 

The U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center (NAVCEN) is excited to announce the launch of its updated Local Notice to Mariners (LNM) and Light List application during the week of December 2nd, reaffirming our commitment to enhancing access to critical maritime safety information.

This upgraded application allows users to download and print LNMs for entire Coast Guard Districts or define their own area of interest using the GIS tools to zoom in and access localized data.  The form section enables users to organize and sort LNMs by waterway or category. For programmatic integration, GeoJSON files will be available to download for data ingestion into other applications.

We sincerely appreciate your patience and are confident this enhanced version will better serve the diverse needs of the maritime community.

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Notice: Changes to the USCG Local Notice to Mariners (LNM) and Light Lists

Notice: Changes to the USCG Local Notice to Mariners (LNM) and Light Lists
The U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center announces upcoming changes to the Local Notice
to Mariners (LNM) and the Light List, as part of our efforts to modernize and improve the
accessibility, accuracy, and overall user experience for mariners and other stakeholders.

What Is Changing?

1. Transition From Paper Charts: In January 2025, NOAA will discontinue the production
of all paper charts. In alignment with this change, the Coast Guard will transition from
using NOAA Paper Chart Numbers and Editions/Dates for disseminating Marine Safety
Information (MSI) to using Official Waterway Names.

2. How You Will Access LNMs and Light Lists: The LNM and Light List data will now be
available in a geospatial format, which will allow you to visualize information interactively
on a map/chart. You can use your mouse wheel or the +/- buttons in the upper left portion
of the screen to zoom in or out and navigate to your desired area on the map/chart. Once
the area is displayed, you can generate a PDF of the LNM or Light List for that specific area,
which you can then save and/or print. Alternatively, you can use a fillable form on our
website to select your waterway by name from the Light List and generate the LNM or Light
List.

3. LNM and Light List Data Refresh Rate: LNM data will be refreshed every fifteen
minutes. Light List data will be refreshed every 24 hours. This will give you a much more up-to-
date operating picture, designed to enhance your efficiency and improve safety in your
area of transit or planned routes.

4. Elimination of Weekly Files: Weekly LNMs, Weekly Light List Correction Files, Daily
Discrepancy Files, and the Summary of Light List Changes will no longer be published to
focus on providing the most up-to-date and accessible format. In the near future, we will
also publish an Application Programming Interface (API) for interested parties to access the
data externally.

Why Are These Changes Being Made?
The modernization of MSI delivery is designed to improve the U.S. Coast Guard’s aid-to-navigation
data management and dissemination capabilities. By providing frequent
updates, geospatial visualization, and digital access, we hope to achieve our goals of:
‱ Enhancing Maritime Safety: By delivering the most current and precise information,
mariners can make better-informed decisions, reducing the risk of accidents and ensuring
safer navigation.
‱ Improving Accessibility: The shift to geospatial visualization makes it easier for all users,
from commercial mariners to recreational boaters, to stay informed.
‱ Increasing Efficiency: The integration of LNM and Light List data into a geospatial format
to simplify the gathering of safety information and facilitate easy route planning.
When Will These Changes Take Effect?
The transition to the modernized LNM and Light List platform (the Navigation Center
website) will be completed by Monday, October 21st.
How to Access the New Features?
Starting October 21st, 2024, you will be able to access the updated Local Notice to
Mariners (LNM) and Light List through the NAVCEN website, with a User Guide available to
assist you. While legacy versions of these products will no longer be produced or posted
after October 31st, previously available versions will remain accessible for download
indefinitely. Additionally, users can now generate updated LNMs in real time, with data
refreshed every 15 minutes.

For any questions or assistance, please visit our Contact Us page, select ‘LNMs or Light
Lists’ from the Subject dropdown, and submit your inquiry.

Thank you for your continued support as we work to enhance the safety and efficiency of
maritime navigation.

U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center (www.navcen.uscg.gov)

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LNM/Light List Application Delay

Good Day,

Availability of the modernized Local Notices to Mariners (LNMs) and Light List (LL) application will be delayed beyond the scheduled 30 September 2024 launch date as a result of Hurricane Helene.

The following legacy products will remain available on the NAVCEN website until 31 October to ensure customers maintain uninterrupted access to MSI products during the transition:

  • Weekly Local Notices to Mariners (pdf)
  • Light Lists (pdf)
  • Daily LNM Discrepancies and Temporary Changes (XML)
  • Weekly Light List files (PDF, XML)

We are working diligently to reschedule the application’s launch and will provide an update with the new release date as soon as it becomes available. 

For questions or comments, you may contact us via our contact us page (please select “LNMs or Light Lists” from the Subject pull-down menu).

Thank you for your understanding and continued support. 

Sincerely,
Navigation Center
U.S. Coast Guard
https://www.navcen.uscg.gov

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Notice: Changes to the USCG Local Notice to Mariners (LNM) and Light Lists

Notice: Changes to the USCG Local Notice to Mariners (LNM) and Light Lists

The U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center announces upcoming changes to the Local Notice to Mariners (LNM) and the Light List, as part of our efforts to modernize and improve the accessibility, accuracy, and overall user experience for mariners and other stakeholders.

What Is Changing?

  1. Transition From Paper Charts: In January 2025, NOAA will discontinue the production of all paper charts. In alignment with this change, the Coast Guard will transition from using NOAA Paper Chart Numbers and Editions/Dates for disseminating Marine Safety Information (MSI) to using Official Waterway Names.
  2. How You Will Access LNMs and Light Lists: The LNM and Light List data will now be available in a geospatial format, which will allow you to visualize information interactively on a map/chart. You can use your mouse wheel or the +/- buttons in the upper left portion of the screen to zoom in or out and navigate to your desired area on the map/chart. Once the area is displayed, you can generate a PDF of the LNM or Light List for that specific area, which you can then save and/or print. Alternatively, you can use a fillable form on our website to select your waterway by name from the Light List and generate the LNM or Light List.
  3. LNM and Light List Data Refresh Rate: LNM data will be refreshed every fifteen minutes.  Light List data will be refreshed every 24 hours.  This will give you a much more up-to-date operating picture, designed to enhance your efficiency and improve safety in your area of transit or planned routes.
  4. Elimination of Weekly Files: Weekly LNMs, Weekly Light List Correction Files, Daily Discrepancy Files, and the Summary of Light List Changes will no longer be published to focus on providing the most up-to-date and accessible format. In the near future, we will also publish an Application Programming Interface (API) for interested parties to access the data externally.

Why Are These Changes Being Made?

The modernization of MSI delivery is designed to improve the U.S. Coast Guard’s aid-to-navigation data management and dissemination capabilities. By providing frequent updates, geospatial visualization, and digital access, we hope to achieve our goals of:

  • Enhancing Maritime Safety: By delivering the most current and precise information, mariners can make better-informed decisions, reducing the risk of accidents and ensuring safer navigation.
  • Improving Accessibility: The shift to geospatial visualization makes it easier for all users, from commercial mariners to recreational boaters, to stay informed.
  • Increasing Efficiency: The integration of LNM and Light List data into a geospatial format to simplify the gathering of safety information and facilitate easy route planning.

 

 

When Will These Changes Take Effect?

The transition to the modernized LNM and Light List platform (the Navigation Center website) will be completed by Monday, September 30th.

How to Access the New Features?

Starting on September 30th, 2024, you will be able to access the updated LNM and Light List through the NAVCEN website. A User Guide will be available on the NAVCEN website. Customers will still have the ability to download legacy versions of these products until October 21st.

For any questions or assistance, please visit our Contact Us Page, select ‘LNMs or Light Lists’ from the Subject dropdown, and submit your inquiry.

Thank you for your continued support as we work to improve the safety and efficiency of maritime navigation.

U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center (www.navcen.uscg.gov)

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Navigation Center Website Survey Request

We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.

 

Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)

 

 

 

 

U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice

Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.

Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.

Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.

Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary

Read More

Navigation Center Website Survey Request

We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.

 

Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)

 

 

 

 

U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice

Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.

Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.

Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.

Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary

Read More

Navigation Center Website Survey Request

We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.

 

Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)

 

 

 

 

U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice

Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.

Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.

Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.

Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary

Read More

Navigation Center Website Survey Request

We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.

 

Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)

 

 

 

 

U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice

Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.

Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.

Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.

Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary

Read More

Navigation Center Website Survey Request

We are eager to understand the primary reason for your visit to the Navigation Center website and how you use it, whether for recreational boating, professional purposes, data requests, educational reasons, or otherwise. Your feedback on the website’s ease of use, ability to find information, and if it’s your primary source for navigation-related information is crucial. We are committed to improving your experience and welcome any suggestions to enhance the site’s usability, information accessibility, and overall efficiency. Your insights are invaluable in helping us better meet your navigation needs.

 

Survey: Navigation Center Website Feedback Survey (surveymonkey.com)

 

 

 

 

U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Website Customer Feedback Survey Privacy Notice

Authority: 14 U.S.C. §504; 14 U.S.C §505; and Executive Order 12862.

Purpose: To collect data that will be used to analyze and determine the kind and quality of services customers want and expect, as well as their satisfaction with U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center services. To maintain confidentiality, respondents are advised not to include any personally identifiable information in their responses.

Routine Uses: This survey solicits information that the Coast Guard will use to gauge feedback and improve overall customer service. DHS/ALL/PIA-069 DHS Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups provides coverage for this collection.

Disclosure: Furnishing this information is strictly voluntary

Read More
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